An Essay on Crimes and Punishments
Cesare Beccaria
PREFACE OF THE TRANSLATOR.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER I.: OF THE ORIGIN OF PUNISHMENTS.
CHAPTER II.: OF THE RIGHT TO PUNISH.
CHAPTER III.: CONSEQUENCES OF THE FOREGOING PRINCIPLES.
CHAPTER IV.: OF THE INTERPRETATION OF LAWS.
CHAPTER V.: OF THE OBSCURITY OF LAWS.
CHAPTER VI.: OF THE PROPORTION BETWEEN CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS.
CHAPTER VII.: OF ESTIMATING THE DEGREE OF CRIMES.
CHAPTER VIII.: OF THE DIVISION OF CRIMES.
CHAPTER IX.: OF HONOUR.
CHAPTER X.: OF DUELLING.
CHAPTER XI.: OF CRIMES WHICH DISTURB THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY.
CHAPTER XII.: OF THE INTENT OF PUNISHMENTS.
CHAPTER XIII.: OF THE CREDIBILITY OF WITNESSES.
CHAPTER XIV.: OF EVIDENCE AND THE PROOFS OF A CRIME, AND OF THE FORM OF JUDGMENT.
CHAPTER XV.: OF SECRET ACCUSATIONS.
CHAPTER XVI.: OF TORTURE.
CHAPTER XVII.: OF PECUNIARY PUNISHMENTS.
CHAPTER XVIII.: OF OATHS.
CHAPTER XIX.: OF THE ADVANTAGE OF IMMEDIATE PUNISHMENT.
CHAPTER XX.: OF ACTS OF VIOLENCE.
CHAPTER XXI.: OF THE PUNISHMENT OF THE NOBLES.
CHAPTER XXII.: OF ROBBERY.
CHAPTER XXIII.: OF INFAMY, CONSIDERED AS A PUNISHMENT.
CHAPTER XXIV.: OF IDLENESS.
CHAPTER XXV.: OF BANISHMENT, AND CONFISCATION.
CHAPTER XXVI.: OF THE SPIRIT OF FAMILY IN STATES.
CHAPTER XXVII.: OF THE MILDNESS OF PUNISHMENTS.
CHAPTER XXVIII.: OF THE PUNISHMENT OF DEATH.
CHAPTER XXIX.: OF IMPRISONMENT.
CHAPTER XXX.: OF PROSECUTION AND PRESCRIPTION.
CHAPTER XXXI.: OF CRIMES OF DIFFICULT PROOF.
CHAPTER XXXII.: OF SUICIDE.
CHAPTER XXXIII.: OF SMUGGLING.
CHAPTER XXXIV.: OF BANKRUPTS.
CHAPTER XXXV.: OF SANCTUARIES.
CHAPTER XXXVI.: OF REWARDS FOR APPREHENDING, OR KILLING CRIMINALS.
CHAPTER XXXVII.: OF ATTEMPTS. ACCOMPLICES AND PARDON.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.: OF SUGGESTIVE INTERROGATIONS.
CHAPTER XXXIX.: OF A PARTICULAR KIND OF CRIMES.
CHAPTER XL.: OF FALSE IDEAS OF UTILITY.
CHAPTER XLI.: OF THE MEANS OF PREVENTING CRIMES.
CHAPTER XLII.: OF THE SCIENCES.
CHAPTER XLIII.: OF MAGISTRATES.
CHAPTER XLIV.: OF REWARDS.
CHAPTER XLV.: OF EDUCATION.
CHAPTER XLVI.: OF PARDONS.
CHAPTER XLVII.: CONCLUSION.
CHAPTER I.: THE OCCASION OF THIS COMMENTARY.
CHAPTER II.: OF PUNISHMENTS.
CHAPTER III.: ON THE PUNISHMENT OF HERETICS.
CHAPTER IV.: ON THE EXTIRPATION OF HERESY.
CHAPTER V.: OF PROFANATION.
CHAPTER VI.: OF THE INDULGENCE OF THE ROMANS IN MATTERS OF RELIGION.
CHAPTER VII.: ON THE CRIME OF PREACHING; AND OF ANTHONY.
CHAPTER VIII.: THE HISTORY OF SIMON MORIN.
CHAPTER IX.: OF WITCHES.
CHAPTER X.: ON THE PUNISHMENT OF DEATH.
CHAPTER XI.: ON DEATH WARRANTS.
CHAPTER XII.: ON TORTURE.
CHAPTER XIII.: OF CERTAIN SANGUINARY TRIBUNALS.
CHAPTER XIV.: ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLITICAL AND NATURAL LAWS.
CHAPTER XV.: ON THE CRIME OF HIGH-TREASON. ON TITUS OATES, AND ON THE DEATH OF AUGUSTIN DE THOU.
CHAPTER XVI.: OF RELIGIOUS CONFESSION.
CHAPTER XVII.: OF FALSE MONEY.
CHAPTER XVIII.: ON DOMESTIC THEFT.
CHAPTER XIX.: ON SUICIDE.
CHAPTER XX.: ON A CERTAIN SPECIES OF MUTILATION.
CHAPTER XXI.: ON CONFISCATION.
CHAPTER XXII.: ON CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, AND OTHER FORMS.
Scientia potentia est
See all books